All of the following can result in vendor lock-in except:

Vendor lock-in occurs when a customer becomes dependent on a specific vendor for products and services, making it challenging to switch to another vendor without incurring significant costs or risks. Among the options, statutory compliance does not inherently lead to vendor lock-in.

Statutory compliance refers to adhering to laws and regulations that govern an industry or sector. While it may require businesses to follow specific guidelines or use certain services to maintain compliance, it does not limit their options to a particular vendor. Organizations can often choose from different vendors who provide compliant solutions, allowing for flexibility and the potential for switching without facing the challenges associated with vendor lock-in.

In contrast, proprietary data formats can bind an organization to a vendor's ecosystem since other vendors may not be able to utilize the data without significant effort. Unfavorable contracts can create barriers to leaving a vendor due to penalties or constraints, and insufficient bandwidth is more of a technical limitation rather than a factor related to vendor commitments. These elements foster environments that increase the likelihood of vendor lock-in, distinguishing them from statutory compliance.