Every security program and process should have which of the following?

A foundational policy is essential for every security program and process because it establishes the structured framework and guidelines that govern security practices within an organization. This policy serves as the cornerstone for developing specific security procedures, protocols, and controls, ensuring that all security efforts are aligned with the organization’s objectives and risk appetite.

Having a foundational policy enables organizations to define roles and responsibilities related to security, outline acceptable use of resources, and set clear expectations for behavior and compliance. It also facilitates training and awareness programs for employees, creating a culture of security that permeates all levels of the organization.

While other components, such as multifactor authentication, are critical tools within a security program, they operate effectively only when supported by a well-defined policy. Similarly, while penalties for breaches can influence compliance, they must be framed within the context of established guidelines and expectations. Homomorphic encryption, though valuable in specific scenarios, is not a foundational principle that undergirds a comprehensive security strategy. Thus, the foundational policy is integral to the overall architecture and efficacy of any security program.