In which cloud deployment model are all infrastructure-level logs visible to the CCSP as detailed application logs?

The correct answer is IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). In this cloud deployment model, the service provider offers virtualized computing resources over the internet. The client has control over the operating systems, storage, and deployed applications, as well as certain networking components. This level of control allows for detailed logging of infrastructure-level events, which includes not only application logs but also logs associated with the underlying hardware and network virtualization.

In IaaS environments, the customer can configure the logs generated by the infrastructure itself, adjust log levels, and capture relevant data for their applications. This comprehensive view of logs is essential for maintaining security and compliance within cloud infrastructures, as it provides visibility into both infrastructure health and application behavior.

Other deployment models like SaaS (Software as a Service) typically do not grant users access to infrastructure logs; users interact only with the application layer. In PaaS (Platform as a Service), while there may be more control over logs than in SaaS, it usually does not extend to the full infrastructure details that IaaS provides. Furthermore, NaaS (Network as a Service) focuses specifically on networking components, which doesn't encompass the complete view of logs at the application and infrastructure levels as found in IaaS. Thus