What are the U.S. Commerce Department's controls on technology exports called?

The U.S. Commerce Department's controls on technology exports are known as the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). These regulations govern the export of dual-use goods and technologies, which are items that can be used for both civilian and military applications. The EAR is essential in regulating and ensuring that sensitive technology does not end up in the hands of hostile nations or individuals that pose a threat to national security.

The focus of EAR is primarily on commodities, software, and technology that do not fall under the purview of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), which oversees military and defense-related exports. Understanding the scope of EAR is fundamental for businesses and organizations engaged in international trade, especially in high-tech industries, as compliance is crucial to avoid legal penalties and safeguard national interests.