What is the name of the NIST publication that distinguishes secure cryptographic modules?

The correct answer is FIPS 140-2, which is a federal standard produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This publication specifically outlines security requirements for cryptographic modules, establishing a framework for their effective security implementation. FIPS 140-2 addresses the design and implementation of cryptographic algorithms and the physical security of the modules, ensuring that they meet rigorous criteria for confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity.

FIPS 140-2 categorizes cryptographic modules into four levels of security, allowing organizations to select cryptographic solutions that fit their specific security needs and risk profiles. This makes it a vital standard for any entity that deals with sensitive information and requires assurance that their cryptographic implementations are secure.

The other publications mentioned, while important in their respective areas, do not specifically focus on the criteria for secure cryptographic modules. NIST SP 800-53 provides a catalog of security and privacy controls for federal information systems, FIPS 199 pertains to standards for security categorization of federal information and information systems, and NIST SP 800-171 is focused on protecting controlled unclassified information in non-federal systems.