What is the process of adding validation support to a section without changing the basic mechanism of a DNS query using DNSSEC?

The correct choice is zone signing, which refers to the process of digitally signing DNS records within a particular zone using a cryptographic key. This process enhances security by allowing DNS clients to verify the authenticity and integrity of the responses they receive. When zone signing is implemented as part of DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions), it ensures that the basic mechanism of a DNS query remains unchanged while adding an essential layer of validation support.

The signing process creates Resource Record Sets (RRsets) that are cryptographically signed, and this signature is included in the DNS response. As a result, clients can check the signatures against a trusted set of keys, confirming that the response they received has not been tampered with and comes from a legitimate source. This is crucial for preventing attacks such as cache poisoning.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the process of adding validation support to DNS queries. DNS management typically encompasses the broader administration of DNS settings rather than the specific act of digitally signing records. Patch management deals with updating software and systems to address vulnerabilities, which is not specific to DNS queries or validation. Zone refining is not a standard term in the context of DNS security or validation and does not relate to the signing process.