Which of the following allows consumers to manage and report on resources without internal engagement?

The concept of self-service and on-demand capacity is integral to cloud computing and is especially relevant for consumers who need autonomy in managing their resources. This model enables users to provision resources independently without needing direct involvement from internal IT staff. By allowing users to access computing resources directly through a user-friendly interface, organizations can streamline operations, reduce delays in resource provisioning, and empower departments to manage their own needs as they arise.

Self-service capabilities enhance operational efficiency and ensure that resources are available when needed, which is crucial for dynamic business environments. Users can quickly allocate, deploy, and manage resources while also monitoring usage and costs, leading to better resource management and oversight.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of resource management and cloud security. Resource pooling pertains to the way cloud providers allocate shared resources among multiple consumers, which does not directly address the management and reporting requirements of individual users. Vendor management refers to oversight of third-party service providers and ensuring compliance with contracts, while centralized access controls deal with governance and security protocols rather than the consumer's ability to manage resources independently.