Who is a cloud service provider (CSP) required to notify after a security breach that discloses personal information likely to cause serious harm?

A cloud service provider is required to notify the information commissioner after a security breach that discloses personal information likely to cause serious harm. The information commissioner serves as the regulatory authority responsible for overseeing data protection and privacy matters, implementing relevant laws, and ensuring that organizations adhere to established privacy standards.

In the event of a data breach, notifying the information commissioner allows for transparency and accountability, as it helps the regulatory body assess the situation, provide guidance, and potentially take further action if necessary. This process is essential for protecting individuals' personal information and aligns with legal obligations in many jurisdictions.

The other options do not hold the same regulatory authority or role in the context of privacy law and breach notification as the information commissioner. Other organizations might be involved in privacy advocacy or guidance but do not possess the same legal mandate to respond to security breaches involving personal data.